Active and Passive Voice

 


 Active and Passive Voice


What is Voice of Verb?

The voice of a verb is the verb that expresses whether the subject in the sentence has performed or received the action. For example, in the sentence 

Ram helps Hari.
Hari is helped by Ram.

In the first sentence, the form of the verb shows that the subject does something, that is, the subject has performed or done something. So the verb helps is in said to be the active voice.

In the second sentence, the form of the verb shows that something is done to the subject or the subject has received something. So the verb helped is said to be the passive voice.

Types of Voice of Verb

There are two types of voice-

1. Active Voice

2. Passive Voice


Definition: A verb is in active voice when its form shows that the person or thing denoted by the subject does something or in other words, is the doer of the action. Hence in an active voice, the subject is the doer. Definition: A verb is said to be a passive voice when its form shows that something is done to the person or thing denoted by the subject. Hence in passive voice, the subject is a passive state, that is, suffers or receives some action.

Examples: 

Active Voice 

1. Sita loves Savitri. 

       2. The mason is building the pillar. 

       3. The peon opened the gate.

        4. Some girls were helping the wounded man.

 Passive Voice 

1. Savitri is loved by Sita.

2. The wall is being built by the mason.

3. The gate was opened by the peon.

4. The wounded man was being helped by some boys.


Rules for Conversion of Active and Passive Voice 

The rule for conversion from active voice to passive voice is as follows-

Rule 1: First and foremost, identify the subject, verb, and object(S+ V+O) in the sentence to convert to passive voice.

Rule 2: Then interchange the object and subject with each other, that is, the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.

Rule 3: Change the base verb in the active sentence into the past participle(third form of the verb) in a passive sentence.

Rule 4: The word by will be used before the subject in passive voice.

Rule 5: The pronoun in the sentence will also be changed.

Active Voice Pronoun    Passive Voice Pronoun
     I                                               Me

    We Us

    He Him

    She                                  Her

    They                                 Them

    You                                 You

    It It

 Rule 6: While conversion use suitable auxiliary verbs.

Active and Passive Voice in Tenses form

The passive voice is formed with the suitable tense of the verb followed by the past participle. Study the table given below-

Simple Present  Tense

Active :- Subject+Verb 1 +s/es + Object    

Passive :-  Object+ is/am/are + V3+ by+Subject

Examples

Active: I eat mangoes

Passive: Mangoes are eaten by me.

Present Continuous Tense

active :- Subject + is/am/are + verb + ing + Object

Passive :- Object + is/am/are + being + V3 + by Subject 

Example :- 

Active: Ramesh is calling Neena.

Passive: Neena is being called by Ramesh 

Present Perfect Tense

Active :- Subject + have/has + V3 + Object

Passive:- Object + has/have + been + V3 + by Subject

Example

Active: I have made some cakes.

Passive: Some cakes have been made by me.

Simple Past tense 

Active:- Subject + Verb(past tense) + Object

Passive:- Object + was/were + V3 + by Subject Active: Preeti stole my clothes.

Example 

Passive: My clothes were stolen by Preeti

Past Continuous Tense

Active:- Subject + was/were + Verb + ing+ Object

Passive:- Object + was/were + being + V3 + by Subject 

Example

Active: The postman was delivering the letters.

Passive: The letters were being delivered by the postman.

Past Perfect Tense

Active:- Subject + had + V3 + Object

Passive:- Object + had been + V3 + by subject Active: The girls had eaten all the muffins.

Passive: All the muffins had been eaten by girls.

Simple Future Tense 

Active:- Subject + shall /will +V1 + Object

Passive:- Object + shall/will + be +V3 + by Subject

Example 

Active: We shall finish the whole work by 6 pm.

Passive: The whole work will be finished by us by 6 pm

Future Perfect Tense

Active:- Subject + shall/will + have + V3 + Object

Passive :- Object + shall/will + have been + V3 + by subject 

Example

Active: They will have won the football match.

Passive: The football match will have been won by them.

An exception to the rule: 

No passive Voice formation for the following tenses can be formed, that is, Present Perfect Continuous Tense, Past Perfect Continuous Tense, Future Perfect Continuous Tense, and Future Continuous Tense]


Exercise of Active and Passive Voice


Go through the sentence and Identifying Acctive /Passive Voice-

1. Vineeta sings beautiful songs.

2. Riya helps everyone.

3. Pooja was being beaten by her teacher.

4. Lucky is helped by Steve

5. The builder is building the tower.

6. The woodcutter cuts the wood.

7. The man dropped the ashes into the river.

8. The parrot was shot by the naughty boy.

9. By whom was German taught to you?

10. Vipin lost the money.




Answers

1. Active voice 2. Active voice 3. Passive voice 4. Passive Voice 5. Active voice 6. Active voice 7. Active voice 8. Passive voice 9. Passive voice 10. Active voice 


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