Science ,Class 8th -Reproduction in Animals. English Medium

Ch-Reproduction in Animals 

Reproduction is a process in which the organisms produce the young ones of their own kind.

  • There are two modes by which animals reproduce. These are:
  •  Sexual reproduction, And
  •   Asexual Reproduction 
Sexual Reproduction

  • Reproduction resulting from the fusion of male and female gametes is called sexual reproduction.
  • The reproductive organs in the female include ovaries, oviducts, and uterus.
  • The reproductive organs in male include testes, sperm ducts, and penis.
  • The ovary produces female gametes called ova and the testes produce male gametes called sperms.
  • The fusion of ovum and sperm is called fertilization. The fertilized egg is called a zygote.
  • Fertilization that takes place inside the female body is called internal fertilization. This is observed in human beings and other animals such as hens, cows and dogs.
  • Fertilization that takes place outside the female body is called external fertilization. This is observed in frogs, fish, starfish, etc.
  • The zygote divides repeatedly to give rise to an embryo.
  • The embryo gets embedded in the wall of the uterus for further development.
  • The stage of the embryo in which all the body parts are identifiable is called foetus.
  • Animals such as human beings, cows and dogs which give birth to young ones are called viviparous animals.
  • Oviparous Animals: Animals that lay eggs are called oviparous animals, e.g., frogs, lizards, butterflies, etc.
  • The transformation of the larva into adult through drastic changes is called metamorphosis.

Asexual Reproduction

  • The type of reproduction in which only a single parent is involved is called asexual reproduction.
  • In hydra, new individuals develop from buds. This method of asexual reproduction is called budding.
  • Amoeba reproduces by dividing itself into two. This type of asexual reproduction is called binary fission.

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